NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Industries contain solutions to the exercises given in the Geography book Resources and Development. These answers have been explained in a manner that you will easily understand all the concepts and get your doubts cleared without even seeking anyone’s assistance. You can read and download all the questions and answers in PDF format.
Class 8 Geography Industries Ncert Textbook Questions and Answers
Question 1. Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Answer: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods like iron and steel industry, extraction of minerals like coal mining industry and the provision of services like tourism industry.
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Answer: Factors influencing the location of an industry:
- Availability of raw material
- Availability of land
- Adequate supply of water
- Adequate supply of labour
- Access to power
- Amount of capital
- Access to transport
- Presence of market
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Answer: The iron and steel industry is called the backbone of the modern industry. This is because almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with tools and machinery of these metals. This industry is basically the feeder industry, whose products are the raw materials for other industries.
(iv) Why did cotton textile industry rapidly expanding Mumbai?
Answer: Cotton textile rapidly expanded in Mumbai because its warm, moist climate, facility of port for importing of machinery and above all the easy availability of skilled labour.
(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bengaluru and California?
Answer: Similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California:
- Presence of high quality educational institutions, and advanced scientific and technological centres
- Pleasant climate and clean environment.
- Presence of good quality, skilled workforce.
- Access to markets.
- Well-developed and well-connected.
Question 2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Fort Gloster is located in
(a) West Bengal
(b) California
(c) Gujrat
Answer: (a) West Bengal
(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic
Answer: (b) Jute
Question 3. Distinguish between the followings.
(i) Agro-based and mineral based industry
| Agro-based industry | Mineral-based industry |
| Uses plant and animal products as raw materials. | Uses mineral ores as raw materials. |
| Source of employment for people in rural areas. | Source of employment for people in rural as well as urban areas. |
| Example: Dairy industry, cotton textile industry. | Example: Iron and steel industry, heavy machinery industry. |
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
| Public-sector industry | Joint-sector industry |
| Owned and operated by the government. | Jointly owned and operated by the government and individuals or a group of individuals. |
| Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited. | Example: Maruti Udyog Limited. |
Question 4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided:
(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________
Answer: Iron ore and Cotton
(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________
Answer: Steel and Cloth
(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________
Answer: Transport and banking
(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________
Answer: Dairy and Sugar
(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________
Answer: pottery and basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________
Answer: Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)