NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources help students to score good marks in the exams. These NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert teachers and available with free PDF download option. Here we have provided answers to all the questions in a very easy language.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources free PDF
| Board | CBSE |
| Class | 10 |
| Book | NCERT Class 10 Geography |
| Chapter 5 | Mineral and Energy Resources |
| Category | NCERT Solutions |
Question 1: Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving aresidual mass of weathered material?
(a) coal
(b) bauxite
(c) gold
(d) zinc
Answer: (b) bauxite
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore
(d) copper
Answer: (b) mica
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) none of the above
Answer: (a) sedimentary rocks
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) oil
(b) uranium
(c) thorium
(d) coal
Answer: (c) thorium
Question 2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
- Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
- Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
- Minerals containing iron are called ferrous minerals, e.g., iron ore and manganese. Minerals which do not contain iron are called non-ferrous minerals, e.g., bauxite, lead and gold.
- Conventional sources of energy are generally exhaustible and polluting, e.g., firewood, coal and petroleum. Non – conventional sources of energy are usually inexhaustible and non-polluting, e.g., solar, wind, tidal and atomic energy.
(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer: A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable interior structure. Minerals are formed by a combination of elements, and the mining of some minerals is very profitable.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer: In igneous and metamorphic rocks, molten/liquid and gaseous minerals are forced upwards into the cracks. They then solidify and form veins or lodes.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer: Mineral resources need to be conserved because they are limited. It takes billions of years for them to be replenished in nature. Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs of extraction and a decrease in quality as well as quantity.
3: Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer: The distribution of coal in India is more abundant on the eastern side of the country. In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages—Gondwana and tertiary. While Gondwana coal is about 200 million years old, tertiary deposits are approximately 55 million years old.
The major resources of Gondwana (metallurgical) coal are located in the Damodar valley (West Bengal, Jharkhand), Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro.
The Godavari, Mahandi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer: Being a tropical country, India has an abundance of sunlight. Hence, there are huge possibilities of tapping solar energy. Solar energy is a non-conventional source of energy, but it is gaining popularity in rural and remote areas whose households’ dependence on firewood and dung cakes is reduced as a result. This in turn helps in conserving environment and ensuring an adequate supply of manure in agriculture.