NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries help students to score good marks in the exams. These NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert teachers and based on the latest pattern and edition NCERT book. Here we have provided answers to all the questions in a very easy language.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries free PDF
| Board | CBSE |
| Class | 10 |
| Book | NCERT Class 10 Geography |
| Chapter 6 | Manufacturing Industries |
| Category | NCERT Solutions |
Question 1: Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Answer: (a) Aluminium
(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
Answer: (b) Electronic
Question 2: Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer: Manufacturing is the process in which goods are produced after processing the various raw materials. The raw materials themselves may be manufactured products.
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer: Basic industries are those which supply their raw materials to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.
Question 3: Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer: Industrial pollution of the environment is of four types: air, water, land and noise. Air pollution is caused by smoke released by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories ignoring pollution norms. Water pollution is caused by the discharging of organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents into rivers. This form of pollution is caused by paper, pulp, chemical, textile, dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. The major solid wastes released into rivers in India are fly ash, phospo – gypsum, and iron and steel slags. Thermal pollution of water is another form of water pollution, caused by the emission of hot water from factories and thermal plants into rivers and ponds. Dumping of solid wastes renders the soil infertile and useless too. Lastly, noise pollution results from industrial and construction activities, machinery, generators, and saws, pneumatic and electric drills.
(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
Answer: The steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry are as follows:
- To control water pollution, industrial effluents need to be treated on all three levels (primary, secondary and tertiary); the use of water for processing should be minimised via reuse and recycling; rainwater can be harvested to meet water requirements, and groundwater usage should be regulated by law.
- For the minimisation of air pollution, smoke stacks should be fitted to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Also, smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
- Noise pollution can be controlled by fitting generators with silencers, redesigning machinery to reduce noise, and using earplugs and earphones besides other noise absorbing material.
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